In Vivo and in Vitro Models for Evaluating Anti-urolithiasis Activity of Herbal Drugs

Today large number of population suffers from kidney stone disease has increasing due to change in living conditions. Kidney stone formation or urolithiasis is a complex process that results from a succession of several physicochemical events including supersaturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation, and retention within the kidney. The treatments used are extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). The exposure to shock waves in therapeutic doses may cause acute renal injury, in addition increases in stone recurrence, possibility of infection after exposing to shock. Further, progress in the study of the biological and physical manifestations of kidney stones, there is no satisfactory drugs to use in clinical therapy. The data from in vivo and in vitro reveal that phytotherapeutic agents may be useful as alternative or an adjunctive therapy in the management of urolithiasis. The medicinal plants are used from centuries for the treatments of kidney stone, due to its safety, efficacy, cultural acceptability and lesser side effects compared to synthetic drugs. This systemic review reveals are used of single herbs, in treatments of urolithiasis animals models. We conducted an electronic and by hand search treatment studies focusing on animals model and antiurolithiasis activity of plants in urolithiasis. The proven antilithiasis activity of plants in animals models and also traditional, ethno veterinary claimed medicinal plants. Plants extracts and its effective in reducing kidney stone and oxalate, calcium, Phosphate creatinine, uric acid and BUN. The present review article provides basic idea about the different animal’s model and parameter to be considered for evaluation of antiurolithiasis animal’s models.